目的 优选苦豆子效应成分的提取工艺,为其规模化大生产提供参考。方法 采用乙醇浸提法,以氧化槐果碱(OSC)和氧化苦参碱(OMT)提取率的均值为指标,采用Plackett-Burman设计筛选苦豆子乙醇浸提的主要影响因素;分别以OSC和OMT的提取率为指标,通过Box-Behnken设计对影响提取工艺的显著性因素进行优化,对实验数据进行多元线性回归和二项式拟合,应用响应面法对最佳工艺进行预测分析。结果 提取次数、粉碎度、溶剂倍量对苦豆子中2种生物碱的提取率影响较大,二项式方程拟合度较好,预测结果较为准确。最佳提取工艺为苦豆子粉碎过65目筛,以12倍量体积分数60%乙醇,40 ℃温浸提取4次,每次2 h;OSC、OMT提取率分别为92.3%和79.0%,均与预测值相差较小。结论 采用Plackett-Burman设计结合响应面法优选苦豆子效应成分的提取工艺稳定可行,预测性较好,可为苦豆子的规模化大生产提供参考。

OBJECTIVE To optimize extraction process for active ingredients in seeds of Sophora alopecuroides, to provide a reference for scale production. METHODS Active ingredients from Sophora alopecuroides were extracted by ethanol, with average yield of oxysophocarpine and oxymatrine as index, some factors affecting index were firstly evaluated by Plackett-Burman design, then taking oxysophocarpine and oxymatrine as indexes respectively, extraction conditions were optimized by Box-Behnken design, experimental data was fitted by multiple linear regression and binomial formula fitting, extraction process was optimized by response surface method, and prediction was carried out through comparing the observed and predicted value. RESULTS Extracting times, crushing degree and solvent times had significant effects on yields of oxysophocarpine and oxymatrine; binomial equation fitted well with good predictability. optimum extraction technology of Sophora alopecuroides was as following:crushed through 65 mesh sieve, extracted 4 times with 12-fold the amount of 60% ethanol for 2 h each time; yield of oxysophocarpine and oxymatrine was 92.3%, 78.6% respectively, both deviations were small by comparing with the predicted value. CONCLUSION This extraction process is reasonable and feasible by Plackett-Burman design and response surface analysis with good predictability. This study can provide experimental basis for further scale production of Sophora alopecuroides.